Sensors and their most important types?
Sensors and their most important types? And the function of each
Smart life is developing day after day, thanks to the development in micro-electronic components, and artificial intelligence technology that has made the dreams of One Thousand and One Nights a tangible reality, we live without surprise or astonishment.
The door automatically, so there is no surprise in that, and when we enter our apartment, the lamp lights up, and the air conditioning works on its own, so there is no surprise in that either, and when we leave the place, the lights go out, and the door closes automatically, and this is how the wheel of intelligent life turns.
It is the sensors, that genius invention, that made life around us a science-fiction movie, and the types of sensors are the subject of our article, so follow us.
What are the sensors?
They are precise electronic components, or with electronic properties, that transform and transfer physical quantities, from temperature, invisible rays, visible rays, pressure, movement in space, light intensity, and others, to electrical quantities, represented by a difference in voltage. current, or the reversal of charges, which results in the closure or opening of an electrical circuit.
Sensors work idea
The mechanism of action of the sensors varies, according to the quantity and physical quality to be sensed, or dealt with by the sensor.
When the light falls on the resistance in the required quantity, the resistance to the electric current decreases, allowing the electric current to pass in the electrical circuit to the device to be operated, and thus the device works as soon as the light falls on the photo resistance.
Divide the sensors
There are many types of divisions of sensors, some of them are easy, others are more complex, and in general they can be divided as follows:
First: Active Sensors
In this type of sensor, it converts the physical quantity to be dealt with, into an electric current that is connected to the device to be operated, as soon as that physical quantity is present, and these sensors can work even in the absence of a source of electrical supply, to feed these sensors.
An example of this is the photoelectric sensors, which convert the optical quantity into an electrical quantity, and thus the work of the device to be operated according to the availability of the optical physical quantity.
Second: Sensors that do not generate electrical charges
These sensors need an electrical source to feed them. They act as a changing electrical resistance. When exposed to any physical quantity such as movement, their resistance to electric current decreases. This causes the circuit of the device to be turned off, and it works as required.
Sensor types
There are many types of sensors that cover the most required needs, and that reflect different physical quantities, we can address some of them as follows:
Ultrasonic Sensors: These sensors sense ultrasonic waves and vibrations as a physical quantity, and are used in radars and others.
Proximity sensors: which sense physical quantities related to distance and location, such as opening the car door when approaching it, as well as smart phone technology, and others.
Temperature Sensors: They are sensors that respond to THermophysical quantities, such as fire alarms, operating air conditioning, microwaves, electronic thermometers, and others.
Pressure sensors: a quality that responds to pressure as a physical quantity, and is used in military operations, and in the operation of engines that raise water at a certain pressure level, and others.
Humidity sensors: They deal with moisture as a physical quantity, and are used in work that depends on the level of humidity in the air, for example.
Level Sensors: They deal with different levels, such as dealing with the water level at a certain level, and others.
Acceleration Sensors : They deal with speed as a physical quantity, and they are often used in cars, such as automatically braking the car at a certain level.