Learn about operating systems for electronic devices
(Concept of operating systems) Operating systems are defined as software systems in which all programs and programs work, such as: Internet browsers, media programs, text editors, and other well-known programs. These systems manage the computer's memory and the processes performed on it; without them the computer will have absolutely no use, and operating systems are usually downloaded to any device before buying it. A computer needs an operating system to function fully, and operating systems can also be defined as programs of a special nature that serve as an official interface between the user and the computer components.
(Types of operating systems)
Operating systems differ due to several reasons; they differ among themselves in terms of operating methods, display, components and the purpose of their use, and also differ according to the novelty of the device used, but the most prominent thing that distinguishes one system from the other is what is officially called the interface (GUI); these interfaces allow the user to use the mouse to select the direction and different menus and display everything on the screen, whether graphics, texts, etc., and each operating system has a different interface in shape, appearance and method Usage, there are many computer operating systems, but there are three programs that are the most common among others, namely: Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux.
Operating systems have seen great development over time, Windows is the most popular computer system undisputed, as the majority of users deal with devices with advanced Windows systems, while Android and iOS dominate the phone's operating systems, Android is more widespread due to its use in the phones of many companies, while iOS is used for Apple phones
DOS (DOS)
The DOS disk operating system is the first operating system used for computer interfaces. Produced by (IBM) in 1981. Computers needed operating systems due to the spread of personal computers, and the need for an operating system that manages the computer and is easy to use; so the DOS system appeared, which works using text text interfaces that give various simple instructions and commands, and these commands are sent and received by the program in the form of letters and symbols.
The DOS operating system is distinctive, especially at the time of its release; as follows:
Free operating system.
It helps in managing files with high efficiency, due to its light weight and small size.
Download files from the hard drive to the main memory quickly and efficiently.
Because DOS is outdated and primitive, the software has many drawbacks. Among the most prominent are the following:
There are no multitasking for it.
It does not support the automatic operating system; that is, every command must be typed by the user.
Its RAM does not exceed 640 MB.
Windows (Windows)
Windows is one of the most famous and well-known computer operating systems, and it is the most used operating system around the world; due to its simplicity and ease of use, the first version of this program appeared in 1985 AD by the global company Microsoft; It was initially an auxiliary graphics panel for typing commands in the DOS system, and in 1995 the first independent system of this company appeared with the aim of fully controlling the computer's operating system without the need for manual entry for each command, In addition to creating a new extension that was not available before; they play video games and video games
After the release of the first standalone operating system in 1995, several versions of Windows have been released over the years; the most prominent of these publications, arranged chronologically, include:
Windows 98.
Windows 2000.
Windows XP XP.
Windows 7.
Windows 8.
Windows 10.
The Windows system fully controls all computer interfaces and programs, and this system has many advantages; the most important of which are the following:
Simplicity of use can simply be used by anyone.
High productivity; it can produce databases, presentations, files, and other commands.
The best operating system for gaming.
Update the software automatically.
Great and unlimited support for any problem facing the user by Microsoft's manufacturer.
LINUX
The Linux operating system (LINUX) is one of the most popular and used operating systems, it is similar to the way Windows works, but an open system; that is, it allows users to access all computers and system applications to carry out and modify the process, and what distinguishes it is that not a single company is responsible for developing it, but rather relies on the system of collaborative development between companies.
Linux (LINUX) has many characteristics, including the following:
Compliment.
Easy to install.
Open source means that the system can be easily modified unlike Windows.
It is difficult to penetrate viruses and transfer them to them.
This system is especially used for many tasks. Among the most prominent are the following:
Troubleshoot other computers and try to fix them.
Build and host websites.
Create network servers at a cheap cost.
Mac (Mac OS)
The Mac operating system (Mac OS) is an old system, released by the American Mac, in 1984, and was based on a graphical system unlike other systems, but now after the acquisition of (Apple Inc) on the system, it has become mainly intended for Apple Macintosh devices. Tablets and mobile devices, the system controls the interface of these devices and the operation, updating and development of applications.
There are many features and features available in Mac (Mac OS); the most prominent of which are the following:
The interface is simpler than most other operating systems.
An integrated operating system that covers all the needs of Apple device users.
High protection from intrusion and viruses.
It offers a lot of free apps built into the system.
Android
First released in 2008 by Google, the Android operating system is one of the most popular operating systems for smartphones and tablets. Free apps that can be downloaded by the user.
Android has a large number of features; the most prominent of which are the following:
Permanent development of the system, its programs and applications.
Download apps from outside the Google Store that came with the system.
The ability to expand the memory attached to the system.
It has many assistive media applications, such as calendar, weather, memos, and other useful applications.
iOS
iOS is known as a special mobile operating system that works on Apple mobile devices, desktops, laptops, and tablets, and is the second largest operating system in the world with 13.4% of users after the world's first Android system, and its operating system is similar to Mac and Android systems, but profile data can only be accessed and modified by system designers.
The popular iOS system has many features, the most prominent of which are the following:
The system interface is easy to use.
The system store has over 1.2 million apps.
Safe and stable operating system.
High quality of the image taken by devices running this system.
Multilingual system that is, it can be downloaded by choosing any popular language of the world.
Haiku
The Haiku operating system is one of the modern open source systems that use the new operating system, which began to be used in 2001 under the name (OpenBeOS), and this system has several advantages that we list as follows:
Open source and free.
Easy to use.
A powerful operating system that is difficult to disable.
Fast system.
Chrome OS
Chrome OS is a type of specialized operating system; it is based on Chrome and its applications only, and its programming is based on the characteristics of the Linux kernel, it was first released on June 15, 2011 by Gentoo Linux, and it was developed by Google, this system was made and developed for Chromebooks specifically, but it can be used on other computers.
Chrome OS has many features, which are as follows:
Very powerful operating system.
Free system.
Free storage of about 100 GB.
Lightweight.
Support for Android apps.
MENUET
The MENUET operating system is one of the least space systems in the world of operating systems; the storage space of the device is only about 1.44 MB, it is a simple operating system programmed in assembly language from the programmer (Ville Turjanmaa), it can be downloaded and used for any device and with another operating system, but the system cannot be modified; the source code is closed to the public, and this programming is still under development until now.
eComStation System
eComStation is the least known operating system, created by Microsoft and IBM. :
Slow system.
It consumes a large amount of device memory.
Not free.
TAILS
Tails is one of the unique and different operating systems. It can be downloaded to the device's hard drive; it even works automatically from an external hard drive that has this system, which increases privacy and security.
(OS functions)
The operating system performs many functions that make the use of the computer possible for humans; since the computer language does not resemble the language of humans, and dealing with it requires a programming language that plays the role of mediator between the user and the computer with its various components, and these functions are summarized as follows:
The operating system implements many programs and applications.
Performs input and output operations, such as: handling keyboard, screen, and sound.
Corrects software errors that occur during the implementation of various operations and programs.
Handles special system files and regulates the use of computer components.
